{"id":24179,"date":"2023-11-26T21:19:43","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T21:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grandgo.com\/of-europes-oldest-active-synagogue\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T21:08:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T21:08:39","slug":"nejstarsi-evropska-aktivni-synagoga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/grandgo.com\/cs\/nejstarsi-evropska-aktivni-synagoga\/","title":{"rendered":"Krok do historie: Vydejte se do nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dinn\u00e9 synagogy v Evrop\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n

V srdci pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Josefova se nach\u00e1z\u00ed monument\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a architektonick\u00e9ho umu – Staronov\u00e1 synagoga, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako Altneuschul. Toto gotick\u00e9 mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z roku 1270 je nejen nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnou synagogou v Evrop\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovanou st\u0159edov\u011bkou synagogou s dvojlodn\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed pozoruhodnou historickou pam\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"Krok<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Nov\u00e1 nebo Velk\u00e1 synagoga, jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev se v 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy vznikly nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed synagogy, zm\u011bnil na Staronovou synagogu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev m\u016f\u017ee poch\u00e1zet tak\u00e9 z hebrejsk\u00e9ho \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05ea\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b7\u05d0\u05d9 (al tnay), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 „na podm\u00ednku“, co\u017e se shoduje s legendou. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee and\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159inesli kameny z jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho Chr\u00e1mu na stavbu t\u00e9to synagogy s podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee je vr\u00e1t\u00ed, a\u017e p\u0159ijde Mesi\u00e1\u0161.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i vstupu do synagogy \u010dlov\u011bka okam\u017eit\u011b zaujmou jej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 prvky. Dev\u011bt schod\u016f vede do p\u0159eds\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e1 se otev\u00edr\u00e1 do dvojlod\u00ed se \u0161esti klenut\u00fdmi poli, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b inspirovan\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi kl\u00e1\u0161tery a kaplemi. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed interi\u00e9ru je motiv dvan\u00e1cti vinic na tympanonu a dvan\u00e1ct \u00fazk\u00fdch gotick\u00fdch oken, kter\u00e1 symbolizuj\u00ed dvan\u00e1ct izraelsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f. Neobvykl\u00e9 klenut\u00ed pol\u00ed s p\u011bti \u017eebry nam\u00edsto typick\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159 nebo \u0161esti je p\u0159edm\u011btem diskus\u00ed mezi badateli, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee to bylo proto, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo asociac\u00edm s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem synagogy je bima, z n\u00ed\u017e se \u010dtou svitky T\u00f3ry a kterou lemuj\u00ed dva velk\u00e9 sloupy. Podstavec bimy opakuje motiv dvan\u00e1cti vinn\u00fdch kmen\u016f, zat\u00edmco Aron kode\u0161, kde se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed svitky T\u00f3ry, je na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b, vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd o p\u011bt schod\u016f a lemovan\u00fd vitr\u00e1\u017eemi. Na \u0159e\u010dnick\u00e9m pultu p\u0159ed archou je \u010dtvercov\u00e1 studna pro vedouc\u00edho bohoslu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Design synagogy vedl mnoh\u00e9 k tomu, \u017ee ji p\u0159irovn\u00e1vali k \u0160alamounovu chr\u00e1mu, zejm\u00e9na dvan\u00e1ct lancetov\u00fdch oken sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u011btlo k bim\u011b. Podle ortodoxn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed m\u00e1 odd\u011blen\u00e9 sezen\u00ed pro mu\u017ee a \u017eeny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u017eeny sed\u00ed ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstnosti s okny do hlavn\u00ed svatyn\u011b. R\u00e1m st\u0159echy synagogy, \u0161t\u00edt a st\u011bna strany poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"Krok
Pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed synagogy (foto: \u00d8yvind Holmstad)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1padn\u00fdm prvkem uvnit\u0159 synagogy je velk\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 vlajka u z\u00e1padn\u00edho sloupu, na n\u00ed\u017e je vyobrazena Davidova hv\u011bzda a \u017eidovsk\u00fd klobouk, oboj\u00ed vy\u0161it\u00e9 zlatem, spolu s textem \u0160ema Jisrael. Tato vlajka, kterou ud\u011blil Ferdinand III. za obranu Prahy \u017eidovskou obc\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, symbolizuje odolnost a p\u0159\u00ednos obce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

K mystice synagogy p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 i legenda o Golemovi, kter\u00fd pr\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b a jeho\u017e stvo\u0159il rab\u00edn Juda Loew ben Bezalel. Podkrov\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed geniza pra\u017esk\u00e9 komunity, je od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy gestapo synagogu u\u0161et\u0159ilo, ve\u0159ejnosti nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Staronov\u00e1 synagoga nen\u00ed jen architektonick\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem, ale i \u017eivou kronikou \u017eidovsk\u00e9 vytrvalosti, v\u00edry a komunitn\u00edho ducha. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 maj\u00e1kem historie, nad\u00e1le se v n\u00ed konaj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 bohoslu\u017eby a hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v pra\u017esk\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 komunit\u011b. Tuto starobylou stavbu mus\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o bohatou tapiserii n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch d\u011bjin Evropy<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V srdci pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Josefova se nach\u00e1z\u00ed monument\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a architektonick\u00e9ho umu – Staronov\u00e1 synagoga, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako Altneuschul. Toto gotick\u00e9 mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z roku 1270 je nejen nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnou synagogou v Evrop\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovanou st\u0159edov\u011bkou synagogou s dvojlodn\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed pozoruhodnou historickou pam\u00e1tku. P\u016fvodn\u011b byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dinn\u00e1 synagoga v Evrop\u011b","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"V srdci pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Josefova se nach\u00e1z\u00ed monument\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a architektonick\u00e9ho umu - Staronov\u00e1 synagoga, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako Altneuschul.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10160285797901919_139840552873861":"","twitter_572672048_572672048":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[514],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24179","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-destinace"},"yoast_head":"\nKrok do historie: Vydejte se do nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dinn\u00e9 synagogy v Evrop\u011b - 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