Naples is renowned for its palaces and opera performances; once ranking among Europe’s great capital cities under the Bourbons.
Naples’ turbulent history has left its imprint on numerous landmarks. Established as far back as 470 B.C, Naples has seen several empires come and go and has passed from civilization to civilization over its span of existence.
The city’s history
Naples has long been one of Europe’s most colorful, turbulent, and exciting stories. Beginning as Cumae in 8th-century BCE, it quickly established itself as a center of Hellenistic culture renowned for attracting figures such as poet Virgil. Following Roman rule’s fall it served as a vacation spot for Roman emperors and wealthy patricians, who built coastal villas from Misenum on Gulf of Pozzuoli to Posillipo; these pleasure areas still stand today offering visitors glimpses into another world – evidenced by recovered frescoes as well as remnants from Villa Lucullus on Capri.
Naples was home to a Papal duchy during the 12th and 13th centuries. Following this period, however, Naples came under foreign control for many decades thereafter; switching allegiance several times in the Gothic Wars of 535s when Totila garrisoned it and later it was taken back by Byzantine Emperor Belisarius who treated it quite leniently.
Naples was an economic powerhouse during the 17th century, fueling an artistic revival. This period saw the emergence of Baroque style works such as Caravaggio’s work that highlighted dramatic contrasts and intricate detail.
After the American War of Independence, Naples remained a sleepy frontier town until Memphis millionaire Barron Gift Collier began bringing paved roads, electric power, telegraphs and the Tamiami Trail – Florida’s “last frontier”. Collier also named Naples after Italy in 1886 due to his son John Stuart Williams being former Confederate US Senator John Stuart Williams himself.
By the time Garibaldi’s Thousand expedition dismantled the Kingdom of Two Sicilies in 1860, Naples had already emerged as one of Europe’s premier cultural hubs. This status was further cemented when in 1861 Naples joined other regions to form Italy under Vittorio Emanuele II of Savoy’s constitutional monarchy and joined with them to create the Kingdom of Italy.
The Duomo
Naples was established in 9th Century BCE, then later known as Neapolis (New City) until 470 BCE when it became one of Europe’s oldest cities. Over its long history, this ancient city has left its mark through streets, buildings and its collection of historic monuments.
After Italy unification in 1861, Naples quickly emerged as an important cultural and commercial centre; however, cholera epidemics and industrialisation soon took their toll; although slowly rebuilding as a tourist destination today.
The Duomo (cathedral) stands as the centerpiece of Naples’ old town. A gothic structure with pink and white marble facade features a statue of Mary with her child; this cathedral is considered to be one of the largest cathedrals in southern Italy and also serves as a shrine for Saint Gennaro, whom it honors.
Art enthusiasts must visit the Duomo. The interior is filled with paintings, frescoes and sculptures by some of history’s best artists such as Corradini and San Martino; its treasurery holds works from these legendary figures.
Catacombs of San Gennaro is another must-see, featuring an underground network of tunnels and chambers where many early residents of Naples were interred. Today, this site serves as an intriguing tourist attraction despite being unnerving for some visitors due to the cemetery’s piles of bones lining its walkways – you may even catch sight of a Neapolitan nonna tending her designated skeleton in order to get its soul released in exchange for your wish!
As an alternative to the hustle and bustle of Naples’ Duomo, tuck away into Santa Reparata (Complexo Monumentale di Santa Reparata). The church and its 17th-century garden offer a peaceful respite while providing insight into Naples’ rich religious past. Plus it also houses an impressive library with 14th century books!
The Castel dell’Ovo
Castel dell’Ovo creates an unforgettable first impression as its imposing medieval walls rise before you, providing an incredible first impression. Its architectural composition reveals its long and complex history – from an ancient Roman villa of Lucullus through to its fortified presence under Normans and Angevin/Aragonese dynasties and even its interiors which feature various architectural styles – to make for an impressive first visit experience.
This magnificent fortress stands as a testament to Naples’ long and varied history and unique heritage, playing an essential role in shaping its cultural identity and hosting a wide array of cultural events such as concerts, theatrical performances and literary readings throughout its storied walls. Additionally, during summer months there are also themed guided visits aimed at uncovering local legends and traditions at this landmark structure.
Named for the legend surrounding poet Virgil’s hiding of an egg-shaped magical object within its walls, its unique name comes from this legendary event. According to legend, this egg could protect both castle and city so long as it remained whole; otherwise disaster would strike.
Medieval castles were symbols of power, serving as venues for important royal events as well as serving as prisons – for instance in 1191 when Empress Constance locked herself up there during her struggle against Tancred for the crown of Sicily, Matthew d’Ajello sent an order out from the Kingdom of Sicily’s Chancellery to keep Constance safe by ordering him to “keep her safely held”
Visit Naples Castle overlooking its scenic port area for an invaluable glimpse of its history. Exploring this historic fortress will allow anyone interested in Neapolitan culture a deeper understanding.
As you admire the castle’s stunning medieval walls and fortresses, don’t forget to soak up views over the turquoise waters of Naples Bay while strolling along Lungomare Caracciolo – it makes a wonderful spot for leisurely strolls and relaxing breaks alike – whether history buffs, architecture fans, or those seeking just some sun and sea air can take full advantage.
The Piazza del Plebiscito
Named for a plebiscite that led to Italy’s unification in 1860, Naples’ largest square is an elegant and grand public space. Boasting some of Naples’ key landmarks such as Royal Palace and Basilica of San Francesco di Paola, it provides an eye-catching spectacle.
Its history began during the sixteenth century, when Don Pedro of Toledo ordered architect Domenico Fontana to construct a palace there for Viceroy Don Pedro of Toledo. But its true significance didn’t become evident until 19th-century Naples was under Joachim Murat and Domenico Fontana’s watchful eyes as King Joachim Murat had the latter design a “Largo di Palazzo”, instead facing away from Toledo Road toward this newly emerging open space.
One once considered just an unimproved dirt clearing has now become the beating heart of Neapolitan city and is revered as one of Italy’s most beautiful squares, known for being home to Royal Palace and San Francesco di Paola Church – two stunning examples of Neoclassicism inspired by Rome’s Pantheon – making this square an elegant backdrop in films and television shows alike. Neapolitans refer to this square as their living room as it often serves as an elegant backdrop.
Make time during your visit of the square for a tour of the Royal Palace where you will discover lavishly decorated apartments once inhabited by Bourbon Kings of Naples. Designed in neoclassical style, some original furniture, tapestries and paintings still remain today as can an impressive marble staircase leading up to Carlo III and Ferdinand I by Antonio Canova who each stand equestrian statues outside their apartments.
Don’t miss a visit to Gran Caffe Gambrinus when visiting Naples Square; one of its oldest and most well-known coffeehouses. Enjoy traditional espresso paired with delectable sfogliatella; or choose among one of several cafes or restaurants offering live music and an exuberant atmosphere perfect for experiencing Naples spirit!